Fire pumps are an essential part of many water-based fire protection systems. They are used to increase the pressure (measured in psi and bar) of a water source when that source is not adequate for the system. 

Several common types of fire pumps are employed, including the horizontal split case, vertical split case, vertical in-line, and vertical turbine pumps. Each type has its design and application, catering to specific needs within various fire protection setups.